HAPPY BLACK HISTORY MONTH!!! On February 22nd…

in 1832, the FEMALE ANTISLAVERY SOCIETY OF SALEM, was formed. This was the first organization of its kind. MARY A. BATTYS was the FIRST PRESIDENT.

in 1841, GRAFTON TYLER BROWN, lithographer and painter of the American West, was BORN IN HARRISBURG, PA. Brown’s paintings are in the collections of museums throughout the United States, including the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Oakland Museum of California.

in 1881, JAMES REESE EUROPE, ragtime and jazz bandleader, arranger and composer, was BORN in MOBILE, AL. Europe moved to New York City in 1904 and in 1910 organized the Clef Club, a society for African Americans in the music industry. In 1912, they made history as the FIRST BAND TO PLAY PROTO-JAZZ AT CARNEGIE HALL when they played a concert for the benefit of the Colored Music Settlement School. The band played music solely written by black composers. In 1913 and 1914, Europe made a series of recordings that are some of the best examples of the pre-jazz ragtime style of the 1910s. During World War I, Europe saw combat as a lieutenant with the “Harlem Hellfighters” and went on to direct the regimental band to great acclaim.

 After his return to the United States in 1919, he stated “I have come from France more firmly convinced than ever that Negroes should play Negro music. We have our own racial feelings and if we try to copy whites we will make bad copies.” On May 9, 1919, Europe was stabbed to death by one of his musicians. At the time of his death, he was the best known African American bandleader in the U. S. and he was granted the FIRST EVER PUBLIC FUNERAL FOR AN AFRICAN AMERICAN IN NEW YORK CITY. His biography, “A Lifetime in Ragtime: A Biography of James Reese Europe,” was published in 1995.

in 1888, self-taught painter, HORACE PIPPIN, was BORN in WEST CHESTER, PA. Pippin served in the 369th infantry during World War I, where he lost the use of his right arm. In 1930, Pippin started painting various works including portraits, landscapes and religious subjects. His painting of “John Brown Going to his Hanging” (1942) is in the collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and “Domino Players” (1943) is in the Phillips Collection. Other well known works include his “Self Portrait” (1941) and several versions of “Cabin in the Cotton.” The biography of Mr. Pippin, “I Tell My Heart: The Art of Horace Pippin,” was published in 1993.

in 1911, FRANCIS ELLEN WATKINS HARPER, abolitionist and poet, DIED. Harper was born September 24, 1825 in Baltimore, Maryland. She had her first volume of poems, “Forest Leaves,” published in 1845 and her second book, “Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects,” published in 1854. Other works by Harper include “Poems” (1857), “The Martyr of Alabama and Other Poems” (1892), and “Atlanta Offering” (1895). Ms. Harper was the most famous female poet of her day and the most famous African-American poet of the 19th century. Also a well-known orator, she spoke frequently in public, sometimes twice in one day, promoting equal rights for women and African-Americans.

 In 1853, Harper joined the American Anti-Slavery Society and became a traveling lecturer for the group. In 1892, Harper published “Iola Leroy, or Shadows Uplifted,” one of the first novels by an African American woman. In 1897, she was elected vice president of the National Association of Colored Women. Studies of Harper include Melba Joyce Boyd’s “Discarded Legacy: Politics and Poetics in the Life of Francis E. W. Harper.” Ms. Harper was also a worker for the Underground Railroad.

in 1928, LAWRENCE JOEL was BORN in WINSTON-SALEM, NC. Joel joined the United States Army in 1946 and served in the Korean and Vietnam Wars. On November 8, 1965, while serving as a medic with the rank of Specialist Five assigned to the 1st Battalion of the 503rdInfantry Regiment of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, Joel’s heroism earned him the Medal of Honor. On that date, Joel and his battalion found themselves in a Viet Cong ambush, outnumbered six to one. Under heavy gunfire, Joel did his duty as a medic, administering first aid to wounded soldiers. Joel defied orders to stay on the ground and risked his life to help the many wounded. Nearly every soldier in the lead squad was either wounded or killed.

Even after being shot twice, Joel continued to do his job. He bandaged his wounds and continued to help the wounded in not only his unit, but in the nearby company as well. When his medical supplies were depleted, he hobbled around the battlefield for more, using a makeshift crutch. Joel attended to 13 troops and saved the life of one soldier who suffered from a severe chest wound by improvising and placing a plastic bag over the soldier’s chest in order to seal the wound until supplies were refreshed. On March 9, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson presented Joel with the MEDAL OF HONOR, America’s highest military decoration. Joel was the FIRST LIVING AFRICAN AMERICAN TO RECEIVE THE MEDAL SINCE THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. Joel retired from the military in 1973 and died February 4, 1984. The Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Winston-Salem, the Joel Auditorium at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, and the U. S. Army clinics at Fort McPherson and Fort Bragg are all named in his honor.

in 1938, ISHMAEL SCOTT REED, poet, essayist, and novelist, was BORN in CHATTANOOGA, TN but grew up in Buffalo, New York. Reed attended the University of Buffalo before moving to New York City in 1962 and co-founding the “East Village Other,” a well-known underground publication. Reeds literary work includes nine novels and six plays. Reed has also edited 13 anthologies. Two of his books have been nominated for the National Book Awards and a book of poetry, “Conjure” (1972), was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Reed received theLANGSTON HUGHES MEDAL IN 1995, the JOHN D. AND CATHERINE T. MACARTHUR FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP AWARD IN 1998, and the PHILLIS WHEATLEY AWARD IN 2004. Reed recently retired from teaching at the University of California after 35 years.

in 1950, hall of fame basketball player, JULIUS WINFIELD “DR. J” ERVING, JR., was BORN in ROOSEVELT, NY. Erving played college basketball at the University of Massachusetts and is one of only five players to average more than 20 points and 20 rebounds in NCAA Men’s Basketball. In 1971, Dr. J began his professional career with the Virginia Squires of the American Basketball Association, adding great value to the league.

Erving became the highlight of the Philadelphia 76ers in 1976, when the ABA merged with the National Basketball Association. Over his 12 season NBA career, Erving was an 11-TIME ALL-STAR and the NBA MOST VALUABLE PLAYER IN 1981. In 1983, Dr. J. won the J. WALTER KENNEDY AWARD FOR “OUTSTANDING SERVICE AND DEDICATION TO THE COMMUNITY.” Erving was also one of the first basketball players to endorse many products and to have a shoe marketed under his name. Erving retired in 1987 and in 1993 was inducted into theNAISMITH MEMORIAL BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME.

in 1962, Wilton Norman “WILT” CHAMBERLAIN sets NBA record with 34 FREE THROW ATTEMPTS.

in 1989, DJ JAZZY JEFF AND THE FRESH PRINCE won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance for the hit single “Parents Just Don’t Understand.”. It was the FIRST GRAMMY EVER AWARDED FOR THE CATEGORY OF RAP.

DJ JAZZY JEFF AND THE FRESH PRINCE

 

in 2007, DENNIS WAYNE JOHNSON, hall of fame basketball player, DIED. Johnson was born September 18, 1954 in Los Angeles, California. Johnson played college basketball at Los Angeles Harbor College and Pepperdine University. He was selected by the Seattle Supersonics in the 1976 NBA Draft and over his 15 season professional career was a 5-TIME ALL-STAR and 9-TIME ALL-DEFENSIVE TEAM MEMBER. Johnson won NBA championships in 1979 with the Supersonics and in 1984 and 1986 with the Boston Celtics. Johnson retired in 1990 and in 1991 the BOSTON CELTICS RETIRED HIS JERSEY NUMBER 3. After retiring, Johnson served as an assistant coach with various teams. Johnson was posthumously inducted into the NAISMITH MEMORIAL BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME IN 2010.

DID YOU KNOW…

• In 1869, when EBENEZER D. BASSETT became minister-resident to Haiti, he was the FIRST BLACK U.S. DIPLOMAT?

 PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS     

 

• PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS became the FIRST BLACK FEMALE AMBASSADOR in 1965 to Luxembourg?
• ANDREW YOUNG was the FIRST BLACK U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UN in 1977 and until 1979?

HAPPY BLACK HISTORY MONTH!!! On February 21st…

in 1804, LEMUEL HAYNES, a Revolutionary War Veteran became the FIRST BLACK RECIPIENT OF AN HONORARY DEGREE FROM A WHITE COLLEGE when he was awarded the Master of Arts from Middlebury Collee. Rev. Haynes was also the FIRST BLACK MINISTER TO SERVE FOR A WHITE CONGREGATION.

in 1895, the NORTH CAROLINA LEGISLATURE, dominated by Black Republicans and white Populists, ADJOURNED FOR THE DAY in honor of Frederick Douglass’ passing the day before.

 

in 1917, Jazz musician THELONIOUS MONK was BORN in ROCKY MOUNT, N.C.

in 1933, Eunice Kathleen Waymon a.k.a. NINA SIMONE, “The High Priestess of Soul;” a singer, songwriter and civil rights activist, was BORN in TRYON, NC. Simone began playing the piano at the age of 3 and made her debut as a classical pianist at 12. In 1958, she released her debut album, “Little Girl Blue,” and over her career recorded more than 40 albums with songs that included “My Baby Just Cares for Me” (1958), “Mississippi Goddam” (1964), “Four Women” (1966), and “To Be Young Gifted and Black” (1970). Simone recorded her last album, “A Single Woman,” in 1993.

 Simone performed and spoke at many civil rights events including the Selma to Montgomery march and her songs often contained a civil rights message. Her regal bearing and commanding stage presence earned her the title “High Priestess of Soul.” Simone left the United States in 1970 for Barbados and Europe before settling in France where she died April 21, 2003. Her autobiography, “I Put a Spell On You,” was published in 1992.

in 1936, the Honorable BARBARA JORDAN was BORN in HOUSTON, TX. In addition to being a lawyer and educator, Ms. Jordan, a Congresswoman, was the FIRST BLACK PERSON TO GIVE THE KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT A NATIONAL POLITICAL CONVENTION and the FIRST BLACK WOMAN TO BE ELECTED TO THE TEXAS STATE SENATE where she served until 1972 when she was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives. In 1976, Del. Jordan became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN TO DELIVER THE KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION  The speech is considered by many historians to be the best convention keynote speech in modern history. Ms. Jordon was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1990 and in 1992 was awarded the NAACP Spingarn Medal. In 1994, Ms. Jordon was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the United States Military Academy’s Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1995, becoming only the second female recipient.

 When Ms. Jordan died January 17, 1996, she was the FIRST BLACK WOMAN TO BE BURIED IN THE TEXAS STATE CEMETARY IN AUSTIN. On April 24, 2009, a Barbara Jordan statue was unveiled at the University of Texas in Austin. Several schools in Texas are named in her honor as is the main terminal at Austin – Bergstrom International Airport. Her biography, “Barbara Jordan: American Hero,” was published in 2000 and a collection of her speeches, “Barbara Jordan: Speaking the Truth with Eloquent Thunder,” was published in 2007. Jordan’s name is enshrined in the Ring of Genealogy at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.

in 1940, HON. JOHN ROBERT LEWIS, civil rights leader and politician was BORN IN TROY, AL. Mr. Lewis earned Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1961 in Theology from the American Baptist Theological Seminary and in 1963 in Religion and Philosophy from Fisk University. In 1960, Del. Lewis was a CO-FOUNDER OF THE STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE and from 1963 to 1966 served as the organizations chairman. While participating in the Freedom Rides to desegregate the south in the spring of 1961, Mr. Lewis was beaten bloody in Montgomery, AL by a white mob. John Lewis was also the YOUNGEST SPEAKER AT THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM IN 1963. Councilman became Lewis’ title when he was elected to the Atlanta CITY COUNCIL IN 1981, and Delegate in 1986 when he was elected to the U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where he currently serves. In 1999, Del. Lewis published his autobiography entitled “Walking With the Wind.” Among Del. Lewis’ many commendations are the SPINGARN MEDAL awarded by the NAACP in2002, and the PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM, the nation’s highest civilian honor, in 2010 by President Barack Obama.

in 1961, OTIS BOYKIN received U.S. PATENT NO. 2,972,726 for the ELECTRICAL RESISTOR. This resistor, one of Mr. Boykin’s first achievements, was a type of resistor used in computers, radios, television sets, and a variety of electronic devices including a control unit for artificial heart stimulators (Pacemakers). It was an improved electrical resistor which could be made more cheaply and quickly and could withstand extreme changes in temperature and tolerate and withstand various levels of pressure and physical trauma without impairing its effectiveness. Some of his other inventions included a variable resistor used in guided missiles and small component thick-film resistors for computers. The innovations in resistor design reduced the cost of producing electronic controls for radio and television, for both military and commercial applications. Other inventions by Otis Boykin also included a BURGLARPROOF CASH REGISTER and CHEMICAL AIR FILTER. In total, Boykin invented28 DIFFERENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES and earned 11 PATENTS.

in 1961, FREDERICK MCKINLEY JONES, inventor and businessman, DIED. Jones was born on May 17, 1893 in Cincinnati, OH and was orphaned at the age of nine. Mr. Jones boosted his natural mechanical ability and inventive mind through independent reading and study. In 1912, Mr. Jones moved to Hallock, Minnesota and after serving in the United States Army during World War I, taught himself electronics and built a transmitter for the town’s radio station. Around 1935, Jones designed a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable food, and received patent number 2,303,857 for it on July 12, 1940. His air coolers made it possible for the first time to ship perishable food long distances during any time of the year. His units were important during World War II, preserving blood, medicine, and food. During his lifetime, Jones was awarded 61 patents, mostly for refrigeration equipment but also for portable X-ray machines, sound equipment, and gasoline engines. In 1944, Jones became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO BE ELECTED INTO THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF REFRIGERATION ENGINEERS. In 1991, Mr. Jones, posthumously, became the FIRST BLACK PERSON TO RECEIVE THE NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY, awarded by President George Bush.

in 1965, one week after his home was firebombed, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, f.k.a. Malcolm Little,  MALCOLM X, Detroit Red and Detroit Little, a Black Nationalist and founder of the Organization of Afro-American unity (OAAU), was ASSASSINATED in New York City. While addressing the OAAU at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights, Malcolm X was assassinated by rival Black Muslims with The Nation of Islam. At his funeral, Ossie Davis delivered the eulogy and described Malcolm X as “our shining Black prince.” “The Autobiography of Malcolm X,” was published shortly after his death and in 1992 the film “Malcolm X” was produced and directed by Spike Lee. Many streets and schools around the country are named after Malcolm X, including the EL-HAJJ MALIK EL-SHABAZZ ACADEMY in Lansing, Michigan.

In 1999, the United States Postal Service issued a COMMEMORATIVE POSTAGE STAMP in his honor and in 2005 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY opened theMALCOLM X AND DR. BETTY SHABAZZ MEMORIAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTER. The Malcolm X House Site in North Omaha, Nebraska is listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of the importance of Malcolm X to American history and national culture. Malcolm X’s name is enshrined in the Ring of Genealogy at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.

in 1968, CLIFFORD CHESTER SIMS, MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENT, was KILLED IN ACTION. Sims was born June 18, 1942 in Port St. Joe, Florida. By February 21, 1968, he served in the United States Army as a staff sergeant in Company D, 2nd Battalion (Airborne), 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. His actions on that date near Hue in the Republic of Vietnam earned him the Medal of Honor. The citation reads, in part: “While continuing through the dense woods amidst heavy enemy fire, S/Sgt. Sims and his squad were approaching a bunker when they heard the unmistakable noise of a concealed booby trap being triggered immediately to their front. S/Sgt. Sims warned his comrades of the danger and unhesitatingly hurled himself upon the device as it exploded, taking the full impact of the blast. In so protecting his fellow soldiers, he willingly sacrificed his life.”

 

in 1970, THE JACKSON 5 made their TV DEBUT on “American Bandstand.”

THE JACKSON 5

 

 

in 1992, EVA JESSYE, the FIRST BLACK WOMAN TO RECEIVE INTERNATIONAL DISTINCTION AS A PROFESSIONAL CHORAL CONDUCTOR DIED in Ann Arbor, MI. Ms. Jessye was the choral director for the first Broadway production of Gershwin’s “Porgy and Bess.” Jessye was born January 20, 1895 in Coffeyville, KS, studied choral music and music theory at Western University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Langston University in 1919.

 An active supporter of the Civil Rights Movement, Jessye DIRECTED THE OFFICIAL CHOIR AT THE 1963 MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM.

DID YOU KNOW…

• THE FIRST BLACK PATENT HOLDER was THOMAS L. JENNINGS in 1821 for a dry-cleaning process. SARAH E. GOODE became the FIRST BLACK WOMAN to receive a patent for a bed that folded up into a cabinet in1885.

• DR. CHARLES R. DREW was the INVENTOR OF THE BLOOD BANK in 1940.

DR. CHARLES R. DREW

HAPPY BLACK HISTORY MONTH!!! On February 20th…

in 1869, as a result of Ku Klux Klan activities, TENNESSEE GOV. W. C. BROWNLOW DECLARED MARTIAL LAW in nine counties.

in 1895, Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey a.k.a. FREDERICK DOUGLASS, orator and activist, DIED in ANACOSTIA HEIGHTS in WASHINGTON, DC. In addition to being the leading Black spokesman for almost fifty years, Mr. Douglass was also a lecturer and editor. Mr. Douglass was born a slave in Tuckahoe, MD. The date of his birth is unknown however it is believed to have been February 14, 1818.

in 1900, J. F. BICKERING patented his airship invention.

in 1927, SIR SIDNEY POITIER, actor, director and diplomat was BORN in MIAMI, FL. In 1963, Mr. Poitier became the FIRST BLACK ACTOR TO WIN THE ACADEMY AWARD FOR BEST ACTOR for his role in “Lilies of the Field.” Mr. Poitier was appointed AMBASSADOR OF THE BAHAMAS TO JAPAN in 1997.

 In 2002, Poitier received an HONORARY AWARD FROM THE ACADEMY OF MOTION PICTURES ARTS AND SCIENCES “in recognition of his remarkable accomplishments as an artist and as a human being.” President Barack Obama awarded Mr. Poitier the PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM, America’s highest civilian honor in 2009.

in 1929, Harlem Renaissance Novelist, WALLACE THURMAN‘s play “Harlem” opens in NYC. It is the FIRST SUCCESSFUL PLAY BY AN AFRICAN AMERICAN PLAYWRIGHT.

WALLACE THURMAN 

in 1931, Army Lt. Gen. EMMETT PAIGE, JR. was BORN in JACKSONVILLE, FL.

in 1933, Beatrice Frankie Fowler a.k.a. BEA GADDY was BORN IN WAKE FOREST, NC. By the time Ms. Gaddy was in her mid-20s, she was a twice-divorced mother of five living in New York and working as a housekeeper in Brooklyn for $50 a week. In 1964 Ms. Gaddy moved to Baltimore and began her fight for the betterment of the City. After taking classes in Mental Health at Catonsville Community College, Ms. Gaddy earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Human Services from Antioch University in 1977. During the college years, MS. Gaddy worked with the East Baltimore Children’s Fund, opening her own home as a distribution point for food and clothing for needy families. With that experience, she later opened a homeless shelter which became the “Bea Gaddy Family Centers, Inc.”

 A 50-cent lottery ticket opened up the world for Ms. Gaddy and the community she was dedicated to empowering. With her $290 winnings, Ms. Gaddy bought enough food to feed 39 of her neighbors. This was the forerunner to her community kitchen for the needy. The annual Thanksgiving event became the foundation of Ms. Gaddy’s giving and the source of recognition which would aid in contributions.

In its infancy, the annual dinner was held on the sidewalk in front of Ms. Gaddy’s home as she cooked most of the meal. As the recognition fueled the monetary, food and time contributions, the event grew and would later be held at a local Middle School.

 Subsequently, Ms. Gaddy started a furniture bank and a program to refurbish abandoned row homes. In order to perform marriages and bury the poor at no cost, Ms. Gaddy became an ordained minister. Additionally, Ms. Gaddy was instrumental in running summer youth programs and assisting in voter education, registration and turnout. Ever the giver, it was no surprise to anyone when Ms. Gaddy ran for and was elected to the Baltimore City Council in 1999.

Quite naturally, Ms. Gaddy was the recipient of numerous awards and honors. Some of the notable citations include: Unsung Hero Award, 1972; Afro American Woman of the Year, 1984; Baltimore’s Best Award, 1984; National Council of Negro Women Humanitarian Award, 1988; Mayor’s Citation, 1988; and Baltimore City Council Award, 1987 and 1989.

On October 3, 2001, after a battle with breast cancer, Ms. Gaddy went from labor to refreshment and handed over her empire to her two daughters who ensured Ms. Gaddy’s purpose, drive and mission live on. On January 30, 2014, one of the two daughters, Ms. Sandra Chandler, transitioned to rest with her mother. The legacy is now entrusted in the care of her other daughter, Ms. Cynthia Brooks.

in 1936, educator, political activist, and former President of Atlanta University, JOHN HOPE, DIED. In 1898, Dr. Hope became professor of classics at Atlanta Baptist University, which is now MOREHOUSE COLLEGE, only to be appointed the institution’s FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT in 1906. Dr. Hope also joined W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter as FOUNDERS OF THE NIAGARA MOVEMENT. In 1928, Morehouse and Spelman College affiliated with Atlanta University and in 1929 Hope was chosen to be president, a position he held until his death. In 1936, Hope was posthumously awarded the NAACP SPINGARN MEDAL. “A Clashing of the Soul: John Hope and the Dilemma of African American Leadership and Black Higher Education in the Early Twentieth Century” was published in 1998.

in 1937, NANCY WILSON, pop and jazz singer, was BORN in CHILLICOTHE, OH. At the age of 15, Ms. Wilson won a talent contest sponsored by a local television station. The prize was an appearance on a show which she would later host. In 1956, she joined a big band and toured with them until 1958. She released her debut single “Guess Who I Saw Today” in 1960 when she signed with Capitol Records. Ms. Wilson has received numerous awards and acknowledgements including a Star no the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991, her 1999 induction into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame, the 2004 National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowship Award, the highest honor that the United States government bestows upon jazz musicians and her 2005 induction into the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame.

in 1952, EMMETT L. ASHFORD became the FIRST BLACK CERTIFIED UMPIRE IN ORGANIZED BASEBALLwhen he was authorized to be a substitute in the Southwestern International League.

EMMETT L. ASHFORD

in 1963, CHARLES WADE BARKLEY, hall of fame basketball player, was BORN IN LEEDS, ALABAMA. Barkley played college basketball at Auburn University where he was a three-time All-SEC selection and 1984 Conference Player of the Year. Barkley was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 1984 NBA Draft and over his 16 year professional career was an 11-TIME NBA ALL-STAR, 5-TIME ALL-NBA FIRST TEAM SELECTION, and the1993 NBA MOST VALUABLE PLAYER. Additionally, Barkley won GOLD MEDALS IN 1992 IN BARCELONA AND 1996 IN ATLANTA as a member of the UNITED STATES OLYMPIC BASKETBALL TEAMS. Barkley retired in April, 2000 and in 2002 published a memoir, “I May Be Wrong but I Doubt It.” In March, 2001, Barkley’s JERSEY NUMBER WAS RETIRED BY AUBURN UNIVERSITY AND THE PHILADELPHIA 76ERS, and in March, 2004, thePHOENIX SUNS followed suit. Barkley was inducted into the NAISMITH MEMORIAL BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME IN 2006. Since retiring as a player, Barkley has had a successful career as an EMMY AWARD WINNING BASKETBALL COMMENTATOR.

 

in 1976, MUHAMMAD ALI knocked out Jean Pierre Coopman in 5 rounds for the Heavyweight Boxing Title.

in 1996, KWEISI MFUME, Congressional Black Caucus Chairman, was named EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE NAACP.

in 2000, Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman a.k.a. ALBERT CLEAGE, JR., religious leader, DIED. Rev. Cleage was born June 13, 1911 in Indianapolis, IN and grew up in Detroit, MI. Cleage earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Wayne State University in 1942 and his Bachelor of Divinity from Oberlin Graduate School of Theology in 1943 and was ordained in the Congregational Church that same year. After clashing with white Presbyterian leaders over racial issues, in 1953 Cleage formed the Central Congregational Church with a commitment to minister to the downtrodden and offer programs for the poor. In 1967, he launched the Black Christian National Movement which called for black churches to reinterpret Jesus’ teachings to suit the social, economic and political needs of black people. At the same time, he renamed Central Congregational the Shrine of the Black Madonna. In 1968, he published “The Black Messiah,” which detailed his vision of Jesus as a black revolutionary leader and in 1972 he published “Black Christian Nationalism,” and inaugurated the Black Christian Nationalist Movement as a separate denomination. The name of the denomination was later changed to the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church and they continue the mission to uplift and liberate the Pan African world community through the teachings of Jesus, the Black Messiah.

 

DID YOU KNOW…

• BOOKER T. WASHINGTON was the FIRST BLACK PERSON TO BE PORTRAYED ON A U.S. POSTAGE STAMP in 1940 and again in 1956?

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

• VANESSA WILLIAMS was the FIRST BLACK MISS AMERICA? In 1984, Ms. Williams won the title representing the state of New York. After controversial photos emerged, Ms. Williams surrendered her crown to the runner-up, Suzette Charles, representing the state of New Jersey, who was also an African American. Since that time, six other Black Women have won the crown: 1990 – Debbye Turner, MO; 1991 – Marjorie Vincent, IL; 1994 – Kimberly Aiken, SC; 2003- Erika Harold, IL; 2004 – Ericka Dunlap, FL; 2010 – Caressa Cameron, VA.

HAPPY BLACK HISTORY MONTH!!! ON FEBRUARY 4…

in 1794, FRANCE ABOLISHED SLAVERY. However, the nation’s commitment to abolition was lukewarm at best. Under Napoleon’s reign, slavery was reestablished in 1802 along with the reinstitution of the “Code Noir,” which prohibited blacks, mulattoes and other people of color from entering French colonial territory or intermarrying with whites.

in 1901, JEFFERSON FRANKLIN LONG DIED in Macon, GA. Mr. Long was the FIRST BLACK PERSON FROM GEORGIA ELECTED TO THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Born a slave on March 3, 1836 near Knoxville, GA, Mr. Long was a prominent member of the Republican Party by age 31. While traveling throughout the south, he urged formerly enslaved people to register to vote. Mr. Long’s efforts helped lead to 37 Black People being elected to the Georgia constitutional convention of 1867 and 32 elected to the state legislature. Mr. Long was an advocate for public education, higher wages, and better terms for sharecroppers. He also helped organize the Union Brotherhood Lodge, a Black mutual aid society, in Macon, Georgia. Mr. Long was elected to fill a vacant seat in the House of Representatives and was seated in December, 1870, serving until March, 1871. On February 1, 1871, he became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO SPEAK ON THE FLOOR OF THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when he spoke against the Amnesty Bill which exempted former Confederate politicians from swearing allegiance to the Constitution. While Mr. Long did not seek re-election, he did serve as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880. After serving in Congress, Long resumed business as a merchant tailor in Macon, Georgia where he died.

in 1904, THOMAS MUNDY PETERSON, THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO CAST A VOTE AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THE 15TH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, DIED. Mr. Peterson was born October 6, 1824 in Metuchen, New Jersey. On March 31, 1870, Mr. Peterson cast his vote in a local election to revise the town’s charter while serving as a school custodian and general handyman in Perth Amboy, NJ. After the revision was approved, he was appointed to the committee to revise the charter. Peterson later became the TOWN’S FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO HOLD ELECTED OFFICE AND ALSO THE FIRST TO SERVE ON A JURY. Decades after his death, the school where Thomas Peterson worked was renamed in his honor. In New Jersey, March 31 is annually celebrated as Thomas Mundy Peterson Day in recognition of his historic vote.

in 1913, ROSA PARKS was BORN Rosa Louise McCauley in TUSKEGEE, AL. On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, AL, the “Mother of the modern Civil Rights Movement” refused to obey a bus driver’s order to give up her seat to a White passenger and was arrested. Her arrest sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and made her an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. Eventually, she moved to Detroit, Michigan and from 1965 to 1988 worked for United States Representative John Conyers. Among her many commendations and accolades, was the 1976 renaming of 12th Street by the City of Detroit to “ROSA PARKS BOULEVARD.” Ms. Parks also received the 1979 SPINGARN MEDAL FROM THE NAACP, 1983 induction into the MICHIGAN WOMEN’S HALL OF FAME, thePRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM, the nation’s highest civilian honor, presented by President William Clinton in 1996, a CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL in 1999 and a posthumous STATUE IN THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL’S NATIONAL STATUARY HALL. In 2002, Ms. Parks was presented a birthday cake on her 89th birthday at the premiere of the made-for-TV movie, “Ride to Freedom: The Rosa Parks Story.” Stevie Wonder sang “Happy Birthday.”

ROSA PARKS

When Mrs. Parks died on October 24, 2005, she held the distinction of being the FIRST WOMAN AND THE SECOND AFRICAN AMERICAN TO LAY IN STATE AT THE CAPITOL ROTUNDA IN WASHINGTON, DC. She also laid in state in the Rotunda of the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan for 48 hours. Her name is enshrined in the Ring of Genealogy at the museum. Her biography, “Rosa Parks: A Biography,” was published in 2011.

 

in 1952, JACKIE ROBINSON became the FIRST BLACK EXECUTIVE OF A MAJOR RADIO-TV NETWORK when he was named Director of Communication of NBC (WNBC-NY).

 

in 1959, LAWRENCE JULIUS TAYLOR, one of the best defensive players in NFL history, was BORN in WILLIAMSBURG, VA. “L.T.,” as he was known, played his entire 13-seasons as a professional with the New York Giants after being drafted in 1981. L.T. is credited with redefining the position of Outside Linebacker and terrorizing a generation of NFL quarterbacks. On April 12, 1982 he was named the NFL’s DEFENSIVE ROOKIE OF THE YEAR. In 1986, when L.T. recorded 20.5 sacks and was named the 1986 LEAGUE MVP, he was the first defensive player to receive the honor since Alan Page of the Minnesota Vikings in 1971. Mr. Taylor was instrumental in leading the 1986 Giants to their first Super Bowl victory since 1956, followed by another Super Bowl Championship in 1990. Before retiring after the 1993 season, L.T. was named to the All-Pro team 10 times and recorded 132.5 sacks (not including the 9.5 sacks in 1981, as the sacks didn’t become an official statistic until 1982), 1,088 tackles, 11 fumble recoveries and nine interceptions. In 1999, Lawrence Taylor was elected to the PRO FOOTBALL HALL OF FAME on the first ballot.

 

in 1964, AUSTIN T. WALDEN became GEORGIA’S FIRST BLACK JUDGE SINCE RECONSTRUCTION.

 

in 1971, NATIONAL BASEBALL HALL OF FAME AND MUSEUM announced a SPECIAL HALL OF FAME WING FOR BLACK PLAYERS. In 2005 the Hall completed a study on African American players between the late 19th century and the integration of the major leagues in 1947, and conducted a special election for such players in February 2006. During the election, 17 figures from the Negro Leagues were chosen in addition to the 18 previously selected. Following 2010 changes with the museum’s election process, Negro League figures have been considered along with other figures from the 1871–1946 era, called the “Pre-Integration Era” by the Hall, are primarily be considered for induction alongside any other figures. Today, the wing is entitled, “PRIDE AND PASSION.”

 

in 1971, DIANA ROSS GUEST STARRED on Danny Thomas’ “Make Room For Granddaddy” TV show along with regular cast member, ROOSEVELT “ROSEY” GRIER.

DIANA ROSS with ROSEY GRIER and DANNY THOMAS on “Make Room For Granddaddy”

 

 

in 1986, Isabella Baumfree, aka SOJOURNER TRUTH, preacher, abolitionist, speaker and women’s’ rights advocate was commemorated on a U.S. POSTAGE STAMP.

 

Isabella Baumfree a.k.a. SOJOURNER TRUTH

 

in 1989, NKOSI JOHNSON was BORN. Mr. Johnson was a South African child victim of HIV/AIDS, who made a powerful impact on public perceptions of the pandemic and its effects before his death at the age of 12. He was ranked fifth among SABC3’s Great South Africans. At the time of his death on June 1, 2001, Nkosi was the longest-surviving HIV-positive born child

 

in 1990, JERRY GRAY, an NFL Cornerback, recorded 7 tackles and a 51-yard interception return for a touchdown to be named MVP OF HIS 4TH AND FINAL PRO BOWL to help lift the NFC over the AFC, 27-21.

 

in 1996, NFL Hall of Fame Wide Receiver, JERRY RICE, was named PRO BOWL MVP after helping the NFC defeat the AFC 20-13.

JERRY RICE 1996 PRO-BOWL MVP

 

in 1996, J.C. WATTS was the FIRST BLACK PERSON SELECTED TO RESPOND TO A STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS.

in 2001, James Louis “J.J.” JOHNSON, jazz trombonist, composer and arranger, DIED. Mr. Johnson was born January 22, 1924 in Indianapolis, Indiana. At age nine, he started studying the piano, but decided to play the trombone at the age of 14. In 1941, Mr. Johnson started his professional career. He played in Benny Carter’s orchestra from 1942 to 1945, recording his first solo in 1943. In 1945, he joined the Count Basie Band, touring and recording with him until 1946. In 1947, Mr. Johnson began recording as the leader of small groups and in 1954 he joined with Kai Winding to set up the Jay and Kai Quintet which was musically and commercially successful. Starting in the early 1960s, Mr. Johnson dedicated more time to composing, writing a number of large scale works which incorporated elements of both classical and jazz music. In 1970 he began to compose for film and television, scoring movies such as “Across 110th Street” (1972), Cleopatra Jones” (1973), and “Willie Dynamite” (1974), as well as television series such as “Starsky & Hutch” and “The Six Million Dollar Man.” Mr. Johnson was INDUCTED into the DOWN BEAT JAZZ HALL OF FAME in 1995 and designated a NEA JAZZ MASTER, the highest honor the United States bestows upon a jazz musician, by the National Endowment for the Arts in 1996. His autobiography, “The Musical World of J.J. Johnson,” was published in 2000. 

 

in 2005, Raiford Chatman “OSSIE” DAVIS, actor, director, playwright, and social activist,DIED. Mr. Davis was born in Cogdell, Georgia on December 18, 1917. He began his acting career in 1939 with the Rose McClendon Players in Harlem, New York. Mr. Davis made his film debut in “No Way Out” (1950) and over the next 55 years appeared in almost 50 movies, including Spike Lee’s “Do the Right Thing” (1989), “Jungle Fever” (1991), “Malcolm X” (1992), and “She Hate Me” (2004). His last role was in the Showtime television drama series “The L Word.” Davis also directed five films, including “Cotton Comes to Harlem” (1970) and “Gordon’s War” (1973). Davis and his wife, Ruby Dee, were deeply involved in the Civil Rights Movement and were instrumental in organizing the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Davis delivered the eulogy at the 1965 funeral of Malcolm X and a tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King at the 1968 memorial for him in New York City.

OSSIE DAVIS and RUBY DEE

 

Davis and Dee were inducted into the NAACP IMAGE AWARDS HALL OF FAME in 1989 and in 2004 they were the recipients of the KENNEDY CENTER HONORS. In 1995, Davis and Dee were presented the NATIONAL MEDAL OF ARTS, the highest honor bestowed on an individual artist by the United States, by President William Clinton. Davis and Dee published their memoir, “With Ossie and Ruby: In This Life Together,” in 1998. Davis’ name is enshrined in the Ring of Geology at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.

 

in 2007, SUPER BOWL XLI a.k.a. “THE SOUL BOWL” was the FIRST TIME TWO BLACK HEAD COACHES WOULD FACE OFF FOR THE NFL CHAMPIONSHIP. The Indianapolis Colts, under the leadership of Coach Tony Dungee defeated Coach Lovey Smith’s Chicago Bears 29-17.

TONY DUNGEE

This made TONY DUNGEE the FIRST BLACK HEAD COACH TO WIN THE NFL CHAMPIONSHIP. “The Soul Bowl” marked only the second time in the four major sports that the championship has had both teams led by a black head coach/manager. In 1975, Al Attles’ Warriors defeated KC Jones’ Bullets in the NBA Finals.

DID YOU KNOW…

• JOHN MERCER LANNGSTON became the FIRST BLACK LOCAL OFFICIAL TO BE ELECTED TO OFFICE when he won the race for Town Clerk of Brownhelm Township, Ohio in 1855.
• The FIRST BLACK ELECTED STATE OFFICIAL was ALEXANDER LUCIUS TWILIGHTin 1836 for the Vermont legislature. 
• Here is the list of Black People to Coach a championship game 

NFL

• 2007     Tony Dungy, Colts          Won 29-17
• 2007     Lovie Smith, Bears         Lost 29-17

NBA

• 2006     Avery Johnson, Mavs      Lost 4-2
• 2003     Byron Scott, Nets           Lost 4-2
• 2002     Byron Scott, Nets           Lost 4-0
• 1986     KC Jones, Celtics            Won 4-2
• 1985     KC Jones, Celtics            Lost 4-2
• 1984     KC Jones, Celtics            Won 4-3
• 1979     Lenny Wilkens, Sonics     Won 4-1
• 1978     Lenny Wilkens, Sonics     Lost 4-3
• 1975     Al Attles, Warriors          Won 4-0
• 1975     KC Jones, Bullets            Lost 4-0
• 1969     Bill Russell, Celtics          Won 4-3
• 1968     Bill Russell, Celtics          Won 4-2

MLB

• 2002     Dusty Baker, Giants        Lost 4-3
• 1993     Cito Gaston, Jays           Won 4-2
• 1992     Cito Gaston, Jays           Won 4-2

HAPPY BLACK HISTORY MONTH!!! ON FEBRUARY 3…

in 1870, the 15TH AMENDMENT, giving BLACKS THE RIGHT TO VOTE was ratified

 

in 1874, in Mississippi, BLANCHE KELSO BRUCE was elected to a full 6-year term in the US Senate becoming the FIRST BLACK SENATOR TO SERVE A FULL TERM.

BLANCHE KELSO BRUCE

 

in 1879, CHARLES W. FOLLIS was BORN in CLOVERDALE, VA. On September 16, 1904 when Mr. Follis, then Halfback from Wooster College, signed a contract with the Shelby Blues of the “Ohio League”, he became the FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN CONTRACTED TO PLAY FOOTBALL. “The Black Cyclone,” as he was called, was the FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYER having reportedly played for “The Blues” from 1902 to 1906. Additionally, Mr. Follis was the FIRST BLACK CATCHER TO MOVE FROM COLLEGE BASEBALL ONTO A BLACK PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL TEAM.

CHARLES W. FOLLIS

 

in 1910, ROBERT EARL JONES, stage and film actor and father of James Earl Jones, was BORN in SENATOBIA, MISSISSIPPI. Before moving to New York City to pursue an his acting career, Mr. Jones was a sharecropper and boxer. Mr. Jones made his film debut in the 1939 film “Lying Lips” and appeared in over 20 other films, including “One Potato, Two Potato” (1964), “The Sting” (1973), and “Witness” (1985). Mr. Jones’ on stage performances included “The Hasty Heart” (1945), “Infidel Caesar” (1962), “The Gospel at Colonus” (1988), and the 1991 production of “Mule Bone.” The National Black Theater Festival honored Mr. Jones with a Lifetime Achievement Award.

 

in 1935, JOHNNY “GUITAR” WATSON, was born in HOUSTON, TX. Mr. Watson was a guitarist who masterfully blended blues, rock and funk on hits through the 1950s and 60s. The reinvention of guitar styles birthed hits such as “Superman Lover” and his biggest hit, “A Real Mother For Ya.”

in 1938, EMILE ALPHONSE GRIFFITH, hall of fame Boxer, was BORN in SAINT THOMAS, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. Mr. Griffith began boxing professionally in 1958 and in April, 1961 won the World Welterweight Championship, becoming the FIRST BOXING WORLD CHAMPION FROM THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. After losing the title in September, 1961, he regained it in March, 1962 in a fight which resulted in the death of his opponent, Benny Paret. That fight and the subsequent publicity and criticism became the basis for the 2005 documentary, “Ring of Fire: The Emile Griffith Story.” Mr. Griffith won the World Middleweight Championship in April, 1966 and held it until April, 1967. After an 18-year career, Mr. Griffith retired with a record of 85 wins, 24 losses and 2 draws. During his retirement, Mr. Griffith trained a number of other boxers including Wilfredo Benitez and Juan Laporte who won world championships. Ring Magazine named Mr. Griffith Fighter of the Year in 1964. In 1990, he was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. A park in the Virgin Islands is named in Mr. Gfiffith’s honor.

in 1943, R&B Singer, DENNIS EDWARDS was BORN in BIRMINGHAM, AL. A lead singer with The Temptations, Mr. Edwards replaced David Ruffin on July 9, 1968. The distinct sound of Mr. Edwards can be heard on The Temptations’ hits “Cloud Nine” and “Papa Was a Rollin Stone.” In 1984, Mr. Edwards recorded his greatest solo hit, “Don’t Look Any Further.”

 

in 1947, PERCIVAL PRATTIS was the FIRST BLACK NEWS CORRESPONDENT ALLOWED IN THE UNITED STATES HOUSE AND SENATE PRESS GALLERY. Mr. Prattis, a veteran of World War I, joined the Pittsburgh Courier in 1935. Years after his great accomplishment, he became editor in 1956 and retired in 1962. Mr. Prattis was a Civil Rights Leader who was noted for his ability to unify black newspeople in the fight against discrimination of African Americans in the press.

in 1956, AUTHERINE J. LUCY became the FIRST BLACK STUDENT TO ATTEND THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. Three days later, Ms. Lucy was expelled from the school “for her own safety” in response to mob threats. In 1992,  Ms. Autherine Lucy-Foster graduated from the University with a master’s degree in education. Grazia Foster, Autherine’s daughter, graduated with a bachelor’s degree in corporate finance on the same day.

AUTHERINE J. LUCY

in 1964, BLACKS AND PUERTO RICAN STUDENTS BOYCOTTED NYC PUBLIC SCHOOLS. School officials reported that 464,000 Black and Puerto Rican students boycotted New York City public schools. More than 267,000 were absent during second boycott, March 16.

in 1965, renowned Sculptor and Painter, GERALDINE MCCOLLOUGH received theGEORGE D. WIDENER GOLD MEDAL FOR SCULPTURE for her steel and copper structure, Phoenix.

GERALDINE MCCOLLOUGH

in 1967, PURPLE HAZE was recorded by JIMMY HENDRIX.

JIMMY HENDRIX

 

 

in 1977, EDWIN BANCROFT HENDERSON, the “grandfather of black basketball,” died. Henderson was born November 28, 1884 in Washington, D.C. In 1904, Mr. Henderson became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN CERTIFIED TO TEACH PHYSICAL EDUCATIONand from 1920 to 1954 was director of physical education in Washington’s segregated schools. Mr. Henderson’s introduction to basketball came in 1904 while attending a summer physical training class for gym teachers at Harvard University. When he returned to D.C., he introduced the game to black students. From that time, until the 1950s, Mr. Henderson played and coached basketball and taught the game to thousands of Washington area school children. Mr. Henderson was also a civil rights activist, serving as president of the Virginia Council of the NAACP from 1955 to 1958 and advocating for interracial athletic competition. Additionally, he was a prolific writer of letters to the editor, writing more than 3,000 letters concerning race relations. According to the Washington Post, no one wrote more letters to the editor than Henderson. Today, the Tinner Hill Heritage Foundation and the Post co-sponsor a “Dear Editor” contest for secondary school children in Northern Virginia in his honor. A historical marker designates his home in Falls Church, Virginia. 

 

in 1980, LARRY HOLMES KNOCKED OUT LORENZO ZANON in 6 of 15 to retain his WBC Heavyweight Boxing Title. Mr. Holmes, then 33-0, would defend his title 15 more times before suffering his first professional loss. His 488-0 start was surpassed only by Rocky Marciano’s 49-0 record. Additionally, his twenty successful consecutive defenses of his title was second only to Joe Louis’ twenty-five. Larry Holmes is lauded by many Professional Boxing Analysts as one of the greatest heavyweight fighters of all time.

in 1980, MUHAMMED ALI cut his exhibition tour of India short after PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER asked him to undertake a five-nation African tour through Tanzania, Kenya, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal as his SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE TO PRESENT AND GAIN SUPPORT FOR A BOYCOTT OF THE MOSCOW OLYMPIC GAMES. A convicted 1967 “Draft Dodger,” Mr. Ali would go on to become a notable figure in American and International diplomatic affairs. In 1990, Mr. Ali was inducted into the INTERNATIONAL BOXING HALL OF FAME and in 1996, he LIT THE OLYMPIC FLAME at the opening ceremonies of the Summer Games in Atlanta, Georgia. President George W. Bush presented Mr. Ali with thePRESIDENTIAL CITIZENS MEDAL on January 8, 2005 and the PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM at a White House ceremony on November 9, 2005. The two awards are, respectively, the second highest and the highest awards bestowed upon a citizen in the United States. On December 17, 2005 Mr. Ali received the OTTO HAHN PEACE MEDAL IN GOLD from the UN Association of Germany (DGVN) in Berlin for his work with the US Civil Rights Movement and the United Nations.

in 1981, the AIR FORCE ACADEMY DISCONTINUED ITS BAN on considering the applications of persons with the sickle-cell trait. Civilian and military medical consultants convinced Air Force officials that the ban was inappropriate. The group of consultants complained that ban which caused restrictions against blacks with sickle trait was a senseless stigma and an unscientific suggestion that their genes were somehow inferior. The old policy excluded about five black cadets from the Academy per year.

in 1988, in Montgomery, AL, THOMAS REED, president of the Alabama chapter of the NAACP, was arrested after he and 13 others attempted to scale an 8-foot fence around the State Capitol in an effort to take down a Confederate flag atop the building.

in 1989, William De Kova “BILL” WHITE, a former First Baseman with the Saint Louis Cardinals, was named President of the Major League Baseball National League, serving until 1994. White was the FIRST BLACK PERSON TO HOLD SUCH A HIGH EXECUTIVE POSITION IN ANY SPORT.  Mr. White was an 8 time All-Star, the recipient of 7 consecutive Gold Gloves from 1960 to 1966 and an integral part of the 1964 St. Louis Cardinals World Championship Team. Mr. White was also one of only 235 players to “Hit for the Cycle.” One of the rarest and most difficult feats in baseball, to “Hit for the Cycle” means a batter hit a single, double, triple and homerun all in the same game. This feat has occurred only 293 times in 130 years and is akin to a pitcher achieving a “No-hitter.” Additionally, Mr. White is 297 on the list of the top 300 MLB Home Run Hitters of all time and one of only 109 players to hit a home run during their first time ever at bat.

in 1989, Tennis professional LORI MCNEIL DEFEATED CHRIS EVERT in the Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo repeating her performance where she ousted Evert in the 1987 U.S. Open.

LORI MCNEIL

in 1993, Cincinnati Reds owner MARGE SCHOTT was SUSPENDED FROM MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL for 1 year due to racist comments

DID YOU KNOW…

• BET was the first African-American controlled company to sell shares on the New York Stock Exchange.
• In 1787, when Slavery was made illegal in the Northwest Territory. The U.S Constitution stated that Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808.
• Eli Whitney’s 1793 invention of the cotton gin greatly increased the demand for slave labor as it increased the opportunity for farmers.

IT’S BLACK HISTORY MONTH!!! …and ON FEBRUARY 2…

in 1839, Inventor, EDMOND BERGER invented the SPARK PLUG. Although the internal combustion engine, in which the current version of the spark plug is used was only in the developmental stages in the mid 1800s, Mr. Berger is still given the credit for the invention even without obtaining a patent.

 

in 1862, the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ABOLISHED SLAVERY

 

in 1866, SAMUEL R. LOWERY became the FIRST BLACK LAWYER TO ACTUALLY ARGUE A CASE BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT. One year and one day earlier, JOHN SWEAT ROCK became the FIRST BLACK ATTORNEY TO BE ADMITTED TO ARGUE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

 

 

ALFRED L. CRALLE, inventor of the ICE CREAM SCOOPER

 

 

in 1897, ALFRED L. CRALLE invented the ICE CREAM SCOOPER and received PATENTNumber 576,395 for THE ICE CREAM MOLD. Mr. Cralle’s scooper was a lever-operated ice cream scoop. The design is still widely used today. While working as a porter in Kenbridge, VA, Cralle noticed that ice cream was difficult to dispense because it stuck to spoons and ladles, which, caused him to use two hands and two implements to serve it. As “necessity is the mother of invention,” Cralle invented the “Ice Cream Mold and Disher” which kept the ice cream from sticking and only required one hand to operate.

 

 

ERNEST E. JUST

 

in 1915, Biologist, ERNEST E. JUST Received the FIRST NAACP SPINGARN MEDAL for his pioneering in cell division and fertilization.

 

 

in 1935, PETE BROWN was BORN in PORT GIBSON, MISSISSIPPI. Brown started a golf career by first working as a caddy. In 1963, he received his PGA Tour card and in 1964 won the Waco Turner Open and would be the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO WIN A PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS ASSOCIATION TOUR EVENT. Brown played on the PGA Tour for 17 years, winning one other PGA event, the 1970 Andy Williams – San Diego Open Invitational. Brown had 12 other (Non-PGA) professional wins before joining the Senior PGA Tour in 1985. Mr. Brown served as Head Pro at Madden Golf Course in Dayton, Ohio until (circa) 2008 when he headed south to enjoy his retirement.

 

in 1948, President HARRY S. TRUMAN SENT CONGRESS A SPECIAL MESSAGE urging the adoption of a civil rights program, including a Fair Employment Practices Commission and anti-lynching and anti-poll tax measures.

 

in 1957, FATS DOMINO sang “Blueberry Hill” and “Blue Monday” on “THE PERRY COMO SHOW” on television.

 

in 1988, Diplomat, JAMES WELDON JOHNSON, the first  Field Secretary of the NAACP and co-composer of “Lift Every Voice and Sing”, was commemorated on a U.S. POSTAGE STAMP.

 

in 1990, a 30-YEAR BAN ON THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS WAS FINALLY LIFTED by then South African President, F.W. DeKlerk

 

in 1992, MICHAEL IRVIN, Wide Receiver with the Dallas Cowboys was named MVP OF THE NFL PRO-BOWL as he helped the NFC to a 21-15 victory over the AFC. Mr. Irvin was responsible for catching 8 passes for 125 yards and a touchdown. While a student at the University of Miami, Mr. Irvin set several school records and was a part of the 1987 National Championship Team. After being recruited by the Dallas Cowboys as the 11th pick in the 1st round. An exceptional career with the Cowboys was highlighted with 5 Pro-Bowl selections, 3 Super Bowl Championships and the induction in the Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor and the NFL Hall of Fame in 2005 and 2007, respectively.

 

in 1999, PRINCE re-released his 1982 chart-topping hit, “1999” as “1999 NEW MASTER.”

 

in 1999, MARIE VAN BRITTAN BROWN, INVENTOR OF THE CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SECURITY SYSTEM, DIED. Ms. Brown was born October 30, 1922 in Queens, New York. On December 2, 1969, she and her husband, Albert L. Brown, received PATENTnumber 3,482,037 for a closed circuit television security system.

MARIE VAN BRITTAN BROWNTHE CLOSED CIRCUIT SECURITY SYSTEM

 

The system used a motorized camera which slid up and down looking through a set of four peepholes. Anything the camera picked up was shown on a monitor viewed by the occupant. An electrical switch allowed the occupant to unlock the door by remote control.  

 

 

in 2003, ERRICK LYNNE “RICKY” WILLIAMS, Running Back with the Baltimore Ravens, was named the MVP OF THE NFL PRO-BOWL while with the Miami Dolphins. Mr. Williams holds or shares 20 NCAA Football records. In a 1998 game between his school, the University of Texas and rival Texas A&M, the game was briefly stopped as Mr. Williams received the game ball from, among other dignitaries, Tony Dorsett whose 22-year old NCAA Division 1-A all-time rushing record he broke. Additionally, when he assisted the Baltimore Ravens in beating the Cincinnati Bengals on January 1, 2012, Mr. Williams became only the 26th person in NFL history to amass 10,000 career rushing yards.  

 

in 2009, ERIC H. HOLDER, JR. was sworn in as the 82nd (Current) and FIRST BLACK ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES.

 

ERIC H. HOLDER, JR.

 

in 2014, RUSSELL WILSON, of the Seattle Seahawks, became only the SECOND AFRICAN AMERICAN QUARTERBACK TO START to start and likewise, only the SECOND TO WIN THE SUPERBOWL in New Jersey at Super Bowl XLVIII. Coincidentally, when the first, Doug Williams started and won Superbowl XXII for the Washington Redskins, he too staged a blowout against, none other than, the Denver Broncos under then quarterback, John Elway. 

 

RUSSELL WILSON

 

 

 

DID YOU KNOW…

 

JERSEY JOE WALCOTT remained the OLDEST MAN TO EVER WIN THE HEAVYWEIGHT BOXING CHAMPIONSHIP from 1951 at the age of 37, until GEORGE FOREMAN, at age 45, beat Michael Moorer on November 5, 1994?

 

JERSEY JOE WALCOTT

 

 

 

Although Pete Brown was the first African American to win a Professional Golfers Association Tour event, he was not the first to obtain a players’ card. CHARLIE SIFFORD, Mr. Brown’s good friend and tour companion was the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO OBTAIN A PGA PLAYERS’ CARD. In 2004, Sifford became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN INDUCTED INTO THE WORLD GOLF HALL OF FAME. Mr. Sifford has also received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from University of St Andrews on June 22, 2006. Additionally, he received the 2007 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, GCSAA’s highest honor. In 2009, the Northern Trust Open, a noted stop on the PGA tour, formerly known as the Los Angeles Open and later the Nissan Open, created an exemption for a player who represents the advancement of diversity in golf. It is affectionately named in honor of Mr. Sifford; The Charlie Sifford Exemption. In 2011the Parks and Recreation department of  Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, where Mr. Sifford was born in Charlotte, renamed Revolution Golf Course to Charlie Sifford Golf Course.

HAPPY BLACK HISTORY MONTH! ON FEBRUARY 1…

in 1834, BISHOP HENRY MCNEAL TURNER, LLD was BORN on what is now Hannah Circuit, near Newberry, which was then in ABBEVILLE COUNTY, SC. At age of fifteen, Mr. Turner worked in a law office in Abbeville where he was taught by the men in the office. While it was actually against the law to teach a black child, the men continued to as they were so impressed by his excellent memory. Mr. Turner would learn to read accurately, history, theology, and even works on law. Individually, he pursued his studies in New Orleans, Missouri and Baltimore. While running a small mission in Baltimore, he studied grammar, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, and theology under eminent teachers. Reverend Turner joined the Methodist Episcopal Church South in 1848 and was licensed to preach in 1853, ordained Deacon in 1860 and Elder in 1862. At the onset of the War of Rebellion, which would later be known as the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln commissioned Reverend Turner as the FIRST BLACK CHAPLAIN IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

 

in 1836, the HONORABLE FRANCIS LEWIS CARDOZO a clergyman, politician and educator was BORN in CHARLESTON, SC. When Rev. Cardozo was elected Secretary of State of South Carolina in 1868, he became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO HOLD A STATEWIDE OFFICE IN THE UNITED STATES. Cardozo Senior High School in northwest Washington, DC, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is named for Francis Cardozo.

 

in 1839, Inventor, EDMOND BERGER received the patent for the SPARK PLUG.

 

in 1865, the 13TH AMENDMENT to the U.S. Constitution, which ABOLISHED SLAVERY, was adopted by the 38th Congress. Ratification was completed December 6, 1865.

 

JOHN SWEAT ROCK

 

in 1865, Charles Sumner introduced a motion that made Boston attorney JOHN SWEAT ROCK the FIRST BLACK ATTORNEY TO BE ADMITTED TO ARGUE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Atty. Rock, a noted Boston lawyer credited with coning the phrase “black is beautiful,” also became the FIRST BLACK PERSON TO SPEAK BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

 

in 1870, JONATHAN JASPER WRIGHT became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO SERVE ON A STATE SUPREME COURT when he was elected so in South Carolina. Judge Wright served for seven years and then entered into private practice in Charleston. 

 

in 1871, JEFFERSON FRANKLIN LONG, the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN CONGRESSMAN FROM GEORGIA became the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO SPEAK ON THE FLOOR OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

 

in 1897, ALFRED L. CRALLE invented the ICE CREAM SCOOPER and received the PATENT for the ICE CREAM MOLD.

 

 

LANGSTON HUGHES

 

in 1902, LANGSTON HUGHES was BORN in JOPLIN, MO. Hughes was an American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer and columnist who was known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance, the beginning stages of the Black Arts Movement. Before his death in 1967, Mr. Hughes wrote fifteen collections of poetry, two autobiographies, and seven collections of short stories, as well as other juvenile books and translations.

 

in 1915, Biologist, ERNEST E. JUST Received the SPINGARN MEDAL for his pioneering in cell division and fertilization.

 

in 1937, GARRETT MORRIS, Comedian and Actor, was BORN in NEW ORLEANS, LA. You may remember Mr. Morris from “Car Wash,” as “Jimmy” on “The Jeffersons,” “Mr. Mason,” a teacher in “Cooley High,” or “Arnold ‘Sporty’ James,” on the Cop drama “Hunter.”

but, DID YOU KNOW…

…a young Garrett got his entertainment roots singing in the church-choir?

…Garret trained at the Juilliard School of Music before graduating from Dillard University in 1958?

…Mr. Morris got an early start singing with the Harry Belafonte Singers?

…his singing skills were exercised in a few Broadway musicals including “Hallelujah, Baby!” and “Ain’t Supposed to Die a Natural Death?”

…Mr. Morris worked as a postal carrier in Fort Lauderdale, Florida while he worked to get his career going?

GARRETT MORRIS as “EARL” on “2 BROKE GIRLS”

 

Most remember Mr. Morris was an original cast member of Saturday Night Live and you enjoyed him for years in his recurring role on “Martin” as Martin’s boss, Stan. A few years later, and for the duration of “The Jamie Foxx Show,” Morris as “Junior King,” Jamie’s uncle, was one of the most loved roles on the show. These days, you’ve seen Mr. Morris sitting behind the counter, ringing up orders at the Williamsburg Diner filling the role of “Earl,” an elderly former jazz musician and father figure for “Max.”

But, DID YOU KNOW…

…in 1994 Mr. Morris was shot during a botched apartment robbery attempt?

…inmates who were big fans of Mr. Morris teamed up and beat the burglar up?

…the shooting rendered Mr. Morris unable to continue in the role?

…when “Stan” was in the hospital bed about to undergo plastic surgery, that was the actual hospital bed Mr. Morris was staying in as he was recuperating from the shooting at that time?

…”Stan” was written out of the show by becoming a national fugitive?

…in 1995, when Mr. Morris was still using a cane during his recovery, “Stan” made a guest appearance and was said to be recovering from a car crash after a police chase?

 

in 1952, James Ambrose Johnson, Jr., better known as RICK JAMES, was born in BUFFALO, NY. Mr. James was a singer, songwriter, musician and record producer.

 

 

RUBY DEE as Cordelia in King Lear at the American Shakespeare Festival, 1965

 

in 1965, RUBY DEE was the FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN ACTRESS TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE AT THE AMERICAN SHAKESPEARE FESTIVAL IN STRATFORD CONN. Ms. Dee played the rold of Cordelia in the production.

 

in 1978, the FIRST STAMP OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE’S BLACK HERITAGE USA SERIES honors HARRIET TUBMAN, famed abolitionist and “conductor” on the Underground Railroad. FIRST BLACK WOMAN to be honored on a U.S. postage stamp.

 

in 1984, HENRY HAYS, a Ku Klux Klansman was SENTENCED TO DEATH in Mobile, AL for the 1981 strangulation/murder of 19-year old Michael Donald

 

in 1988, Diplomat JAMES WELDON JOHNSON, the first  Field Secretary of the NAACP and co-composer of “Lift Every Voice and Sing”, was commemorated on a U.S. POSTAGE STAMP.

 

in 1990, a 30-YEAR BAN on the African National Congress was finally LIFTED by then South African President, F.W. DEKLERK

 

in 1990, in Greensboro, North Carolina, Joseph McNeil, Jibreel Khazan (Ezell Blair), Franklin McCain and David Richond repeated the original sit-in of 30 years prior, by having breakfast at the GREENSBORO WOOLWORTH STORE.

 

 

IDA B. WELLS-BARNETT

 

 

in 1990, IDA B. WELLS-BARNETT commemorated on a U.S. POSTAGE STAMP. Ms. Wells-Barnett, an early leader in the civil rights movement, documented lynching in the United States, showing how it was often a way to control or punish blacks who competed with whites. Ms. Wells-Barnett was also very active in the Women’s Rights and the Women’s Suffrage Movements and establishing several notable women’s organizations. Ms. Wells-Barnett was a skilled and persuasive rhetorician, and traveled internationally on lecture tours.

 

 

Donald Cortez “DON” CORNELIUS

 

in 2012, Donald Cortez “DON” CORNELIUS died in Sherman Oaks, CA. Mr. Cornelius was the creator and producer of “Soul Train,” a nationally syndicated dance show which ran from 1974 – 2006. “Don” Cornelius was the host from 1971-1993 and in addition to his smooth voice, most notably always wished us, in parting, “Love, Peace and Soul!”

 

DID YOU KNOW…

 

…while DR. CARTER G. WOODSON instituted the first NEGRO HISTORY WEEK in February of 1926, it was not on February 1. Look for more information on that on February 7, when we celebrate the 87th Anniversary of the first Negro History Week!

 

 

…HARRIET TUBMAN

• was born ARAMINTA ROSS in Maryland? In March, 1822, “Minty” as she was known by her family and friends, was born in Dorchester County, Maryland?

 

ARAMINTA ROSS a.k.a. HARRIET TUBMAN

 

• originally set out just to rescue her family? After escaping to Philadelphia in 1849, she immediately returned to rescue her family, one group at a time. This led to the sharing the effort with other slaves, and ultimately “The Underground Railroad,” the route upon which “Black Moses,” as she was called reportedly “never lost a passenger.” This network of anti-slavery activists and safe houses led to thirteen successful missions to of more than 70 slaves.

• was not only an abolitionist and humanitarian, but also a worked for the Union Army during the Civil War? Ms. Tubman worked first as a cook and nurse, and later as an armed scout and spy. When she guided the Combahee River Raid, she was the first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war. This raid liberated more than 700 slaves in South Carolina. Ms. Tubman also helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry. After the war, Ms. Tubman retired to her new family home in Auburn, NY to care for her parents. During that time, she became active in the women’s suffrage movement in New York. When illness became unbearable, Ms. Tubman lived out her years in a home for elderly black people which she co-founded years earlier.

• led slaves as far as Canada? When the Southern-dominated Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, requiring law officials in free states to aid efforts to recapture slaves, she helped guide fugitives farther north into Canada, where slavery was prohibited.